Final answer:
Eukaryotic cells replicate and create more cells through a process called mitosis (option 1) , which results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with a diploid set of chromosomes. This contrasts with prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, which reproduce through binary fission, a much simpler process involving the replication and division of a single loop of DNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) would use mitosis to make more cells. Mitosis is a process whereby a eukaryotic cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells, each inheriting a diploid number of chromosomes from the parent cell. This complex process involves the replication of chromosomes during the S phase, breakdown and later reformation of the nuclear membrane, sorting and separation of chromosomes, followed by a second major step called cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm is divided.
In contrast, prokaryotes (cells without a nucleus), such as bacteria, reproduce through binary fission. This is a simpler process where the single loop of DNA is replicated and each loop of DNA moves to the opposite side of the cell before the cell splits in two. It's important to note that binary fission is not utilized by eukaryotic cells for reproduction.
Therefore, when eukaryotic cells need to replicate for growth, tissue repair, or asexual reproduction, they undergo mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, ensuring that new cells maintain the same genetic information as the original cell.