Final answer:
The exposure rate of radiation increases with an increase in milliamperage (mA) and kilovolt peak (kVp). These parameters affect the number and energy of x-ray photons, respectively, leading to greater exposure to radiation. Jobs involving medical imaging, nuclear plants, or radioactive substances can cause increased radiation exposure to workers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is inquiring about the factors that influence the exposure rate of radiation to which a film or tissue is subjected. Exposure rate is dependent on various factors, one of which is milliamperage (mA), which is a measure of electrical current in radiographic equipment. Another factor is kilovolt peak (kVp), which is the peak voltage applied to the x-ray tube, affecting the energy of the produced x-rays. An increase in mA directly increases the number of electrons hitting the x-ray target and thereby increases the number of x-ray photons generated, leading to a higher exposure rate. Likewise, an increase in kVp results in x-ray photons with higher energy, which can penetrate deeper and increase overall exposure.
Some types of work likely to cause an increase in the radiation exposure of a particular worker include medical imaging procedures, nuclear plant operations, and research involving radioactive substances.
As per the information provided, the exposure rate could be affected by several factors including the light intensity, which, when increased, can lead to a higher emission of photons and consequently more electrons with higher kinetic energy being ejected. Additionally, the effective dose (mSv) is an important factor, as it accounts for the type of radioactive emission and sometimes the type of tissue exposed, with differing factors based on the type of radiation (beta or alpha particles) and the affected tissue (eye tissue, for instance).
The units of sieverts (Sv) and grays (Gy) are used to measure radiation dose, with 1 Sv being equivalent to 100 rem. These measurements factor in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the radiation, with various effects ranging from short-term to long-term effects, such as increased risks of cancer or genetic defects.