Final answer:
In the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, the author uses situational irony to subvert the reader's expectations and create a shocking ending. In "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant, the author employs dramatic irony to emphasize the consequences of the protagonist's actions. Both stories use irony to reveal truths about human nature and society.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, the author uses irony to create a shocking and unexpected ending. The name of the story itself is ironic because a lottery is typically associated with winning or luck, but in this story, it involves a brutal tradition of stoning a random member of the community. This is an example of situational irony, where the outcome is the opposite of what is expected.
In another short story, such as "The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant, the author also uses irony effectively. The story follows a woman named Mathilde Loisel, who borrows what she believes is an expensive necklace to wear to a fancy party, only to later discover that it was a fake, leading her to face the devastating consequences of her actions. The irony lies in Mathilde's obsession with material wealth and status, which ultimately leads to her downfall. This is an example of dramatic irony, where the reader knows something that the character does not.
In both "The Lottery" and "The Necklace", the authors use irony to highlight the flaws and follies of human nature, as well as to reveal deeper truths about society.