Final answer:
The Maya civilization, known for its achievements in mathematics, architecture, and a 365-day calendar, was centered in the Yucatan Peninsula and one of the earliest civilizations in Mexico.
Step-by-step explanation:
Centred in the Yucatan Peninsula, the Maya civilization was one of the earliest and largest civilizations in Mexico. The Maya established themselves after the Olmec, creating vast cities and stone pyramids from about 250 to 900 CE. They were renowned for their advancements in mathematics, architecture, and their sophisticated 365-day calendar.
The Maya civilization's influence spanned the region now comprising Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize. Notable Mayan sites include Tikal, Copan, and Chichen Itza, which were central to their culture and trade networks. Their prosperity, however, began to decline around 900 CE, possibly due to environmental factors like drought and soil degradation, leading to the abandonment of their large urban centers.