Final answer:
During the light-dependent stages of photosynthesis, oxygen is liberated as a byproduct. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy which is then used to produce ATP and NADPH. The major products of the overall process of photosynthesis are sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The molecule that is liberated during the light-dependent stages of photosynthesis is oxygen (a). These stages require light energy and water, resulting in the production of oxygen, ATP, and NADPH. These components are then used in the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin Cycle or 'dark' reactions, where carbon dioxide gets fixed into sugars/carbohydrates.
The molecule that absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis is chlorophyll (c), a pigment found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts that captures light energy, which is then converted into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH.
Lastly, the major products of photosynthesis are sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen (c), which are essential to the energy transfer within the biosphere. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, while sugars (like glucose) are used as the primary energy source for cells.