Final answer:
In oxygenic photosynthesis found in chloroplasts, two linked photosystems allow for the oxidation of water, producing oxygen and overcoming the limitations of anoxygenic photosynthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Having two different linked photosystems in chloroplasts overcomes the limitations of anoxygenic photosynthesis by allowing the oxidation of water.
Photosystems are clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that are embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. They work in tandem in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystem II absorbs light energy, and one of its key achievements is the splitting of water molecules (H2O) into oxygen, protons, and electrons. This process, known as photolysis, is the foundational step that leads to the production of oxygen as a byproduct. Photosystem I absorbs light energy at a different wavelength and ultimately facilitates the production of chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These two photosystems working together enable the oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that is able to not just fix carbon into sugars, but also release oxygen, thus overcoming the limitations of anoxygenic photosynthesis which does not produce oxygen.