Final answer:
The components of gaining knowledge through observation, data collection, and logical reasoning in biology are inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The components of gaining knowledge through observation, data collection, and logical reasoning in biology are inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.
Inductive reasoning involves using related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is common in descriptive science, where scientists make observations and record qualitative or quantitative data to infer conclusions based on evidence.
Deductive reasoning uses logical thinking to predict results by applying scientific principles or practices. It involves formulating hypotheses, designing and conducting investigations, and drawing conclusions from data and results.