Final answer:
The Behavioral Approach (C) is the psychological perspective focused on the scientific study of observable behaviors and their environmental determinants, as opposed to the internal mental states focused on by other perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychological perspective that emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants is the C. Behavioral Approach. Behaviorism, as a school of thought, eschews biological determinism and instead regards personality as significantly molded by external reinforcements and consequences. This approach is rooted in the philosophy that all behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment. Behaviorists like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner posit that consistent behavior arises from prior learning experiences rather than inborn traits.
Behaviorism is characterized by its emphasis on objective measures, focusing solely on observable and measurable aspects of behavior. This allows behaviorists to apply scientific methods to examine and understand behavior, contrasting with the Psychodynamic Approach, which delves into the unobservable inner workings of the mind. Unlike the Cognitive Approach, which involves the study of mental processes and thought, behaviorism deals strictly with behavior in response to environmental stimuli. The Humanistic Approach, which emphasizes the innate potential for 'good' in humans and personal growth, also diverges from Behaviorism's deterministic viewpoint.