Final answer:
Carl Jung developed analytical psychology, focusing on the balance between conscious and unconscious elements within one's personality. This differs from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which placed more emphasis on sex and aggression as driving forces of personality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychodynamic theory known as analytical psychology was developed by Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and a former protégé of Freud, who later formed his distinct theory. Jung's analytical psychology is rooted in the concept of balancing the conscious and the unconscious elements within one's psyche, a process he believed to be lifelong, particularly growing in the second half of life. This contrasts with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which emphasized unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression, and the development of personality through psychosexual stages.
While both Jung and Freud agree on the importance of unconscious processes, they diverge significantly in approach. Jung incorporated ideas such as the collective unconscious and archetypes, moving beyond Freud's emphasis on individual psychosexual development. Other neo-Freudians like Alfred Adler and Erik Erikson also built upon and diverged from Freud's work, focusing more on social influences and developmental stages.