Final answer:
Assertions perceived as true are cognitive claims that can be assessed for truth through verification or falsification methods, but beliefs do not always equate to knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Assertions that are perceived to be true by those holding them can be referred to as cognitive claims. These are statements about what is real and the individuals making these claims are asserting their truth. To determine the truth of such claims, we may use methods for either falsifying or verifying claims about physical reality. Philosophers have long debated how we can assert the truth of our knowledge, given that our senses and perceptions may sometimes deceive us.
Claims about physical reality are different from claims about what is beautiful or morally right, as these latter are considered social constructs varying by society and culture. They are not about what exists and is real but rather about how people interpret their experiences and behaviors.
When we consider empirical claims, the most beneficial outcome of a belief is that it should correspond to reality and cohere with other accepted truths. Verification requires subjective experiences and interpretations, underscoring the importance of being cautious, as beliefs do not necessarily imply knowledge.