Final answer:
A case study is a deep investigation into a single subject, offering detailed insights, which are beneficial for hypothesis formation and filling research gaps. Researchers use various data collection methods, including interviews and observations. However, the case study method is limited by its non-generalizability and requires careful ethical considerations, especially with human subjects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition and purpose of case study method:
The case study method is an in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual, which allows a researcher to gain a deep understanding of the subject being studied. Researchers using this method collect data through various means such as documents, archival records, interviews, direct and participant observation. The purpose of conducting a case study is to provide detailed insights and understand the complexities of the specific subject, which can lead to the formation of hypotheses, expansion of knowledge, and identification of gaps in research.
Applications and limitations of case study:
Case studies are particularly useful when detailed explorations are needed, such as studying a unique phenomenon or an individual with rare characteristics. It might involve instances like examining the life of a foster child, drug lord, or cancer patient. Despite the richness of information provided, case studies have limitations in generalizability because they focus on a singular instance. This makes it difficult to form universal conclusions applicable to a wider population.
Ethical Considerations and Generalizability:
When conducting research on human subjects, it is important to consider ethical issues, including consent, confidentiality, and avoiding harm. Additionally, while case studies can offer profound understanding, their findings are often not generalizable to the broader population due to the specificity of the cases chosen for study.