Final answer:
The theory that leadership is dependent on innate personality traits and that leaders are born rather than made is known as the Great Man Theory. Compounding this, charismatic leadership and socialized charismatic leadership further explore the influence of personality traits on leadership ability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that suggests leadership is fated from birth and is linked to innate personality traits is known as the Great Man Theory of leadership. This theory posits that leaders are born, not made, and that they have innate abilities that make them effective leaders. Traits often ascribed to such leaders include charisma, intelligence, wisdom, and political skill.
Exploring this further, the concept of charismatic leadership aligns with the idea that certain personality traits can predispose individuals to become influential leaders. Charismatic leaders are often seen as possessing qualities that inspire and motivate followers, particularly in times of crisis. This notion is supported by sociological and psychological research, including the work of sociologists like Ronald Glassman and Max Weber, who examined how followers may attribute almost supernatural qualities to leaders with perceived exceptional attributes.
Historically, some leaders in a position of ultimate authority have achieved their status through hereditary succession, leveraging traditional beliefs that leadership qualities can be inherited. This supports the belief in the 'Great Man Theory', but it also transitions into the idea of socialized charismatic leadership, where the leader tends to be altruistic, serves the collective interest, and empowers others, embodying more than just innate traits.