Final answer:
Cold weather will engage cold receptors, a type of thermoreceptors, which will send signals to the central nervous system prompting actions like the shivering reflex to maintain body heat.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you forget your jacket and cold weather moves in, the kind of sensory neuron that will be employed are those associated with thermoreception.
Specifically, it is the cold receptors, which are types of thermoreceptors, that detect changes in external temperature.
These receptors are located in the dermis, among other areas, and can transmit signals indicating cold to the central nervous system.
Your body can then respond through mechanisms like the shivering reflex, which is coordinated by the hypothalamus to generate heat and maintain body temperature.
This reflex involves the hypothalamus detecting the cold, comparing it against the body's temperature set point, and triggering the somatic nervous system to stimulate skeletal muscles, leading to muscle contractions that release heat energy.