Final answer:
Knights' armor design was influenced by advancements in weaponry, particularly the crossbow, military tactics, cultural exchanges, such as those during the Crusades, and symbols of wealth and status. The design evolved to offer better protection while maintaining mobility, and often incorporated visual symbols reflecting chivalric values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The design of knights' armor was most heavily influenced by the advancements in weaponry, military tactics, cultural exchanges, and the desire to incorporate symbols of status and identity. During the 10th and 11th centuries, as siege warfare and the use of infantry with specialized roles increased, the design of armor evolved to include heavy body armor and closed-faced helmets, influenced by the rise in crossbow usage. By the 14th century, armor became more sophisticated, consisting of a combination of chain mail and metal plates, which offered improved protection while permitting mobility.
Decorative elements were also significant, with gold and silver plating used for shields and vividly colored tunics worn over chain armor indicating rank and affluence. As culture and warfare intersected, for example in the Crusades, the visual form and styles from Islamic and Christian spheres mingled to influence armor aesthetics. Additionally, the church's interest in shaping warfare and chivalry also played a role, as it prompted knights to adopt manners and codes of conduct that sometimes influenced their armor's design to reflect these values.
Another aspect that drove the evolution of armor design was the function and practicality sought after during combat. For instance, helmets with plumes made knights appear taller, while specific shapes of shields were engineered to cover the body effectively and allow easy movement. The need to protect not only the knights themselves but also their horses is documented, with heavily-draped horses and armored cavalry depicted in artifacts like the Bayeux Tapestry.