Final answer:
A storm surge is a massive wave of water caused by strong onshore winds from a hurricane, often posing significant danger to coastal areas. It differs from a tsunami, which is triggered by underwater disturbances such as earthquakes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon described in the question is known as a storm surge, which is a massive wave of water that sweeps onto land because of a hurricane. It is often caused by the strong winds from a hurricane blowing onshore, leading to a sudden rise in sea level in coastal areas. Storm surges can be as wide as 50 miles and are considered one of the most dangerous hazards for people living along the coast. The related term overwash refers to waves that rush over a coastal barrier, leading to the deposition of sand on the leeside of a barrier, a phenomenon that also forms during storm events. An understanding of this concept highlights why hurricanes can be so destructive, especially since their power escalates quickly with increased wind velocity, sometimes exceeding 50 m/s.
During hurricane season, which runs from June through November, regions in the hurricane belt, including both coasts of countries like Mexico, are at risk for these severe storms. When hurricanes strike, they can cause extensive damage to coastal infrastructure and tourist resorts, emphasizing the critical nature of understanding and preparing for storm surges.
It's important to note that a tsunami is a different natural disaster, caused by underwater earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions and characterized by a series of sea waves. Understanding the difference between storm surges and tsunamis is crucial for comprehension of coastal hazards and implementing appropriate safety measures.