Final answer:
Muslims expect a period of moral decline before the Day of Judgment, followed by a series of signs. On the Day of Judgment, they believe all humans will be resurrected and judged by Allah based on their adherence to Islamic teachings, including the Five Pillars of Islam. The righteous will be rewarded, and those who fall short, punished.
Step-by-step explanation:
Muslims hold the belief that there are several events that will transpire before and on the Day of Judgment. These views are deeply embedded in Islamic eschatology, which describes the end of the world and the final assessment of humanity by Allah. According to Islamic teachings, factors such as one's belief in Allah, the Last Day, and conduct of good deeds play critical roles in determining the outcome of each individual on this day.
Before the Day of Judgment, Muslims anticipate a period of moral decline and upheaval, known as the jahiliyyah, a time when monotheistic worship is abandoned for idolatry. The coming of the Day of Judgment is expected to be preceded by signs, both minor and major, which including a series of tribulations and the emergence of the Mahdi, a messianic figure who will restore righteousness. On the Day of Judgment itself, it is believed that all humans will be resurrected and called before Allah to account for their deeds. The righteous who have lived in accordance with the tenets of Islam, including the Five Pillars - the Shahadah (declaration of faith), the Salat (prayer), the Sawm of Ramadan (fasting), the Zakat (charity), and the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) - will be rewarded. Those found wanting in these aspects face punishment. Prayers, in particular, are directed towards the Kaaba in Mecca, emphasizing the centrality of this holy site in Islamic worship and eschatology. The Qur'an and hadith literature provide insights into these beliefs.