Final answer:
Option (1), The left posterior superior temporal gyrus is known as Brodmann area 22, which is the primary auditory cortex involved in the processing of auditory information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus is Brodmann area 22. This area is recognized as the primary auditory cortex, which plays a crucial role in the processing of auditory information. It is followed by Brodmann area 23, which further processes auditory information. In contrast, Brodmann areas 44 and 45 constitute the Broca's area, which is associated with speech development and production and is located in the frontal lobe. It's crucial to distinguish between these areas, as each has a specialized function within the cerebral cortex, illustrating the concept of functional localization.
Brodmann area 22 is part of a sequence of regions within the temporal lobe responsible for auditory sensations and memory functions, with Brodmann areas 41 and 42 contributing as well. This alignment of anatomical distinctions and functional differences is evident in Brodmann's classification, which is still in use today to describe these cortical areas. Therefore, Brodmann area 22 is the correct answer to the question, identifying the left posterior superior temporal gyrus.