Final answer:
The translation process in biology involves converting codons on mRNA into an amino acid sequence to form proteins. This occurs at the ribosome with the help of mRNA, tRNAs, and enzymes, starting at an AUG codon and ending at a stop codon.
Step-by-step explanation:
Translation in Biology
In biology, translation refers to the process of converting the genetic information encoded in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the corresponding amino acids according to the genetic code. This process is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
Steps in Translation:
mRNA travels to the ribosome from the nucleus
The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA template
Translation begins at the initiating AUG on the mRNA
Bonds are formed between sequential amino acids specified by the mRNA template
The ribosome accepts charged tRNAs and catalyzes bonding between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide
The entire mRNA is translated in three-nucleotide steps of the ribosome
When a stop codon is encountered, a release factor binds and stops the translation process
This process allows the genetic information to be translated from the nucleotide sequence of mRNA to the amino acid sequence of a protein.