Final answer:
To determine the function of a gene, scientists use reverse genetics, including mutating or deleting a gene and observing phenotypic changes, or monitoring gene expression with reporter genes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reverse genetics is a methodology that allows scientists to determine the function of a gene by manipulating the gene itself, rather than starting with a known phenotype. This approach typically involves mutating or deleting the gene of interest to observe the resulting phenotypic changes. Reporter genes such as lacZ and GFP can also be utilized to monitor gene expression patterns, providing insights into gene function.
The process may involve techniques such as RNAi for gene silencing or the use of recombinant DNA to disrupt gene function. When a gene is silenced or disrupted, researchers can study the effects on the organism to gain an understanding of what role the gene plays. This information can be crucial for areas such as biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.