Final answer:
Plant cells are characterized by the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole, each playing a vital role in protection, photosynthesis, and cell growth, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plant cells form various structures that differentiate them from animal cells, particularly the cell wall, chloroplasts, and the central vacuole. The cell wall is mainly composed of cellulose and provides protection, structural support, and shape to the cell. It is formed through the action of enzymes and microtubules which lay down cellulose fibers.
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, a process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. The central vacuole plays a key role in cell growth by expanding and enlarging the cell without the production of more cytoplasm. Additionally, during cell division in plant cells, a new cell wall must form between the daughter cells, which requires the accumulation of enzymes and structural proteins facilitated by the Golgi apparatus.