Final answer:
The factors related to patch extinction include the size of the patch, its isolation, and the number of patches. Larger, less isolated patches within a larger number of overall patches are typically more resilient and less prone to extinction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors related to patch extinction include A) the size of the patch, B) the isolation of the patch, and C) the number of patches. These elements collectively affect the likelihood of extinction within a given habitat patch. Larger patches can generally support more individuals and therefore are more resilient to extinction. Conversely, isolated patches have limited gene flow from other populations, which can lead to genetic bottlenecks and higher susceptibility to extinction. The number of patches is also crucial because it determines the connectivity of the metapopulation, and a larger number of patches can provide alternative habitats and allow for recolonization, thus reducing the likelihood of extinction events.
The factor related to patch extinction is all of the above (option D): size of the patch, isolation of the patch, and number of patches. Patch extinction refers to the disappearance or loss of a habitat patch, and these factors can all contribute to the increased likelihood of extinction.