Final answer:
The bass style in question is known as 'walking bass,' associated with the jazz music era, particularly during the Harlem Renaissance, where black musicians innovated and refined American music.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bass style that emerged from swing bassists creating a smoother effect by playing a new note on every beat and incorporating polyrhythms and syncopations became known as walking bass. This technique involved the continuous movement of notes, reflecting a more fluid and melodic behavior.
It not only provided a rhythmic foundation but also acted as a counter-melody in many jazz pieces. It was part of the independence and innovation spirit reflected by black musicians during the Harlem Renaissance era, contributing to the distinctiveness of jazz.