Question

Recent evidence, however, suggests that humans have a similar number of olfactory neurons in their olfactory bulbs and the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain is more complex for interpreting odors compared to other mammals, such as sheep. There is also evidence that odors influence human behavior and are more powerful than previously thought. Evaluate the validity of the nineteenth-century hypothesis and provide supporting evidence.

Answer 1

Current research reveals that humans have sophisticated olfactory capabilities with similar numbers of olfactory neurons as other mammals and a more advanced orbitofrontal cortex for odor interpretation. The complex brain processing involved explains the influential role of smell in triggering memories and influencing behavior.

Step-by-step explanation:

The nineteenth-century hypothesis underestimated human olfactory capabilities. Recent evidence suggests that humans have a similar number of olfactory neurons and a more complex orbitofrontal cortex for interpreting odors than other mammals, such as sheep. Humans have about 350 olfactory receptor subtypes that combine to detect up to 10,000 different odors, which is fewer than mice but our ability to interpret complex odors is more sophisticated due to our advanced brain structures. Olfaction involves odorant molecules binding to receptors in the olfactory epithelium, generating signals sent directly to the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex without synapsing in the thalamus, unlike other senses. This intimate connection to brain areas responsible for memory and emotion explains why smells can powerfully trigger memories and affect behavior.