Final answer:
The biome with nutrient-rich soil and diverse plant growth is the temperate forest, where the thick layer of leaf litter enriches the soil and supports biodiversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the description of the soil being rich in nutrients and supporting a large amount of diverse plant growth, the biome in question is most likely the temperate forest. This biome is characterized by soils that are rich in both inorganic and organic nutrients due to a thick layer of leaf litter on the forest floor. Not only does this leaf litter provide nutrients as it decays, but it also offers erosion protection, ground insulation, and habitats for a variety of organisms. In temperate forests, the climate, with distinct seasons, contributes to biodiversity and soil quality, which, in turn, supports diverse vegetation.
Temperate forests differ from tropical rainforests in that the trees do not grow as tall, allowing more sunlight to reach the ground. The temperate climate with a shorter growing season than that of the tropics still supports diverse flora due to the nutrient-rich soil created by the decaying organic matter. This biodiversity is essential as it serves various ecosystem services that benefit not only the natural environment but also human agricultural practices.