Final answer:
The popliteal artery branches into the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and fibular (peroneal) artery, along with the genicular arteries which supply the knee.
Step-by-step explanation:
The popliteal artery is the continuation of the femoral artery that lies posterior to the knee. It gives rise to several branches that are responsible for supplying blood to the knee, the leg, and the muscles in that region. The main branches of the popliteal artery are the anterior tibial artery, the posterior tibial artery, and it also gives rise to the fibular or peroneal artery. Additionally, there are various genicular arteries that ensure blood supply to the knee joint. These branches play a critical role in the vascular supply to the lower limbs.
- Anterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial artery
- Fibular (Peroneal) artery
- Genicular arteries
The anterior tibial artery continues to supply the anterior compartment of the leg. The posterior tibial artery serves the posterior compartment of the leg, and the fibular artery, also known as the peroneal artery, mainly supplies the lateral part of the lower leg. The genicular arteries are a group of arteries that form an anastomotic network around the knee, providing it with adequate blood flow for proper function.