Final answer:
Differential erosion is the process where different materials erode at different rates, which can lead to diverse landscapes and is crucial in shaping the Earth's surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
When different materials erode at different rates, we call it differential erosion. Differential erosion is a geological concept that refers to the variation in erosion rates caused by factors such as the type of rock, structure, and climate conditions.
Some materials are more susceptible to weathering and erosion than others, and this can lead to diverse landscapes with varying soil profiles, rock formations, and topographical features.
For instance, softer rocks may erode more quickly than harder rocks, creating unique patterns and structures such as arches, valleys, and cliffs. This process is an essential component of shaping the Earth's surface, affecting everything from river valleys to soil composition.