Final answer:
In a bond where identical atoms like Cl2 are involved, electrons are shared equally, resulting in what is known as a pure or nonpolar covalent bond. This equal sharing leads to stable molecules with symmetrical electron distribution and no dipole moment.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the atoms that form a covalent bond are identical, the electrons in the bond are shared equally. This kind of bond, as seen in diatomic molecules like Cl2, is known as a pure covalent bond. The sharing of electrons equally results in a stable electronic configuration for both atoms involved, and it also means that the electron density around the molecule is symmetrical.
On the other hand, if the bonded atoms are different, they might have different electronegativities, which can result in unequal sharing of electrons. This scenario leads to a polar covalent bond, where the electron density is not evenly distributed, giving rise to a dipole moment within the molecule. In summary, a bond formed between two identical atoms that share electrons equally is a pure or nonpolar covalent bond.