Final answer:
The question deals with the nature of molecular interactions between dipoles and induced dipoles. Dipole-dipole interactions are weaker than ion-ion interactions and decrease with a cubic relationship to distance. Induced dipole interactions are temporary and decrease with distance even more rapidly, according to a sixth power law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The interactions mentioned in the question refer to molecular forces between dipoles. A dipole occurs when there is a separation of positive and negative partial charges within a molecule, such as water. The dipole-dipole interactions mentioned in the first part of the question are weaker than ion-ion interactions because each end of the dipole has only a fraction of the charge of an electron. Moreover, the strength of these interactions decreases sharply with increasing distance; specifically, the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r³, which means the interaction strength drops 8-fold when the distance doubles.
In the second part, the mention of induced dipoles refers to the temporary dipoles created due to the movement of electrons within an atom, like in helium atoms. Though these are momentary, they can influence adjacent atoms causing a slight and short-lived dipole. The energy of these interactions decreases even more rapidly with distance than the dipole-dipole interaction, falling off as 1/r⁶. In simple terms, this means that the attractive force decreases by a factor of 64 when the distance is doubled.
Understanding these interactions is essential for comprehending the behavior of molecules in various states of matter.