Final answer:
The military concept allowing subordinates to act based on judgment and commander's intent is known as mission command, emphasizing decentralized decision-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
The military concept that authorizes subordinates to act, guided by the commander's intent and the focus of effort, in situations where judgment and experience dictate action is known as mission command. This doctrine emphasizes trust, decentralized decision-making, and initiative among subordinate leaders at all levels. By understanding the commander's intent, subordinates are empowered to make decisions within the framework of the overall mission, adapting to changing circumstances in order to achieve the desired end state.
Military leaders and strategists like Sun Tzu have long recognized the importance of empowering commanders and delegating authority to adapt to fluid situations on the ground. For instance, in Sun Tzu's 'The Art of War', he discusses the need for adaptability and flexibility under a unified command structure. Similarly, the U.S. military has incorporated concepts of decentralized command within its own doctrines to ensure effectiveness and agility in operations.