Final answer:
The zona glomerulosa is the outermost region of the adrenal cortex responsible for producing mineralocorticoids, which are crucial for fluid and electrolyte balance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The layer of the adrenal cortex that produces mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, is called the zona glomerulosa. This is the most superficial region of the adrenal cortex and is essential for the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. The zona glomerulosa is located immediately beneath the outer fibrous capsule of the adrenal gland and is the first of three distinct layers within the adrenal cortex.
Beyond the zona glomerulosa, the adrenal cortex has two other layers: the zona fasciculata, which is responsible for producing glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis, which produces androgens. The hormone aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating the concentration of ions like sodium and potassium in urine, sweat, and saliva.