Final answer:
Each parent cell will have 46 chromosomes after mitosis, producing genetically identical diploid daughter cells. Mitosis includes four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, maintaining complete sets of chromosomes in each new cell.
Step-by-step explanation:
After mitotic cell division, each parent cell would have the same number of chromosomes as it did originally. In the context of human cells, since the parent cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), after mitosis, each of the two resulting daughter cells will also have 46 chromosomes. Unlike meiosis, which results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes, mitosis involves the duplication and equal separation of chromosomes to ensure that each daughter cell is genetically identical.
The process of mitosis includes four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During these phases, the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and the sister chromatids are then separated into two cells, ensuring that each new cell has a complete set of chromosomes. This generates two diploid cells with identical genetic information to the parent cell, essential in growth and tissue repair.