Final answer:
Different groups of organisms employ various methods for waste elimination, including diffusion in microorganisms, nephridia in annelids, Malpighian tubules in insects, and kidneys in vertebrates, all of which are adapted to maintain osmoregulation and efficiently remove wastes. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The group of organisms have different methods for eliminating waste from their systems, each adapted to their specific needs:
- A) Diffusion: This is the simplest form of excretion, typically seen in microorganisms where contractile vacuoles expel water and waste material.
- B) Nephridia: Found in annelids like earthworms, nephridia serve as excretory organs. They filter fluid from the coelom and expel waste through a structure known as the nephridiopore.
- C) Malpighian tubules: These are used by insects to process waste materials. Uric acid and other metabolic wastes freely diffuse into these tubules to be excreted as a paste or powder, which helps conserve water.
- D) Kidneys: Vertebrates use kidneys to filter blood, reabsorb needed substances, and eliminate waste as urine through the urinary tract.
In each of these systems, waste elimination and osmoregulation are closely tied. Organisms have developed a variety of methods to rid themselves of toxic substances and maintain a balance of fluids and electrolytes. The correct option is B.