Final answer:
The neuron cell body, or soma, contains both the nucleus, which houses genetic material, and mitochondria, the cell's energy source. These components are essential for neuron function and health, with dendrites and axons facilitating communication between neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neuron cell body, also known as the soma, houses both the nucleus and mitochondria. The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, containing the cell's genetic material, while the mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, providing the energy needed for neuronal activities. In addition to these, the soma contains other organelles like smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and is responsible for maintaining the health of the entire neuron.
Dendrites are tree-like structures that extend from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons at specialized junctions called synapses. On the other side, the axon is a single, long fiber that transmits signals away from the cell body to another neuron or target cell. This organization is critical for the communicative function of the nervous system, with dendrites and axons playing a key role in neuronal communication.