Final answer:
Political figures tend to lose credit due to economic mismanagement, political missteps, and disconnection from the electorate. Historical examples include increased taxes without relief, involvement in costly wars, and favoritism in policy-making, all of which can result in loss of confidence and support leading to political downfall.
Step-by-step explanation:
Concerning the topic of how individuals like Giolitti and others in positions of power lost credit, political downfall can often be attributed to a variety of factors that undermine the confidence and support they once held. Historical instances show that political figures may lose credit due to economic mismanagement, political miscalculation, or becoming too disconnected from the needs and opinions of their constituencies. For example, economic downturns, increased taxes without relief or investment in local industries, and being perceived as too closely tied to unpopular policies or alliances can all contribute to a loss of political credit and, ultimately, power.
Poor management of resources or war endeavors, like Mussolini's contribution to the invasion of the Soviet Union, often leads to considerable human and material losses, which can cause the public and fellow politicians to lose faith in leadership. Additionally, schemes or policies that favor certain regions over others, as was seen in Cavour's unification efforts that neglected southern Italy, can create widespread discontent and loss of support. These examples also illustrate that political missteps and economic failures are critical factors in political figures losing credit and facing the consequent downfall.