Final answer:
The sternum is connected to the vertebrae through the ribs and their associated costal cartilages. The costal cartilages of most ribs attach anteriorly to the sternum, whereas the 11th and 12th ribs are free-floating and do not connect to the sternum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is connected to the vertebrae via the ribs and their associated costal cartilages. The majority of the ribs are connected to the thoracic vertebrae at the back and extend towards the front where they are anchored to the sternum through costal cartilages. However, there are free-floating ribs (the 11th and 12th pairs), which do not attach to the sternum.
Moreover, the manubrium, the upper part of the sternum, articulates directly with the clavicles and the first pair of ribs. Specific to the connection between the sternum and the vertebrae, the costal cartilages and the ribs serve as the structural link. Growth and ossification of these structures are part of the endochondral ossification process that occurs during development.