Final answer:
The caring theory with 10 Caritas processes is Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring, which aligns with the broader feminist care ethics. Key figures Nel Noddings and Carol Gilligan have developed this theory to emphasize traditionally feminine values in ethics, challenging the dominant masculine-oriented 'ethics of justice'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The caring theory that describes 10 Caritas processes is known as Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. This theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and the caring moment between a caregiver and a patient. On a broader scope, feminist care ethics prioritizes these same values and is rooted in the conviction that traditionally feminine traits—like compassion, empathy, and nurturing—should be central to ethical considerations. The works of Nel Noddings, particularly her book 'Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education,' and Carol Gilligan are influential in this field. They challenge the conventional, masculine-oriented 'ethics of justice' by proposing an 'ethics of care' that acknowledges the moral strength found in women's experiences and values.
Despite the feminist-driven development of an 'ethics of care,' scholars like Nel Noddings have identified problems with care theory. Arguably, it is deeply rooted in traditional women's values and, as such, might not resonate with everyone's experiences, potentially perpetuating gender biases. There is a concern that aiming for gender-free morality may prove elusive, as the very notion of an 'ethics of care' has emerged as a feminist response to the dominant 'ethics of justice' that often ignores the nuanced, relational aspects of moral decision-making.