Final answer:
European domination over Asia was attributed to a combination of Europe's industrial monopoly, technological and medical advancements, ideological justifications like Social Darwinism, and the intense rivalries between European states seeking power and prestige.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reasons for European Domination Over Asia
Many textbooks often present the nineteenth-century European domination of much of the world from a Eurocentric viewpoint, suggesting that European culture was inherently superior in critical thought, technological innovation, and practical sense. However, modern historians and Asian intellectuals recognize a more complex set of reasons that enabled European dominance, particularly over Asia. These include the industrial monopoly Europe established, the technological advancements enabling European expansion, ideological developments like Social Darwinism, and the internal European rivalries spurring the colonization efforts.
Europe's unique position as the center of industrial production and access to advanced technology provided them with a military and economic advantage. Furthermore, modern medicine allowed European soldiers and administrators to endure in places such as Sub-Saharan Africa, which had been previously deadly due to tropical diseases. Additionally, ideological factors like Social Darwinism and racial theories were used to morally justify European expansion and control over other regions. Lastly, the intense rivalry between European states themselves often led them to seek greater power and status through the acquisition of territories overseas.