Final answer:
Blood glucose is regulated to stay within 70 to 110 mg/dL. Insulin and glucagon are key hormones for maintaining these levels and ensuring cells have enough glucose to function properly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The level of glucose in the blood is tightly regulated by the body's homeostatic mechanisms. Normal blood glucose levels are maintained between 70 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL. When the blood glucose concentration increases above this range, the hormone insulin is released to stimulate body cells to absorb glucose from the blood, bringing the levels back within the normal range. Conversely, if blood glucose levels fall below this threshold, another hormone, glucagon, is released to stimulate body cells to add glucose into the blood.
It is important to regulate blood glucose because insufficient glucose levels can lead to hypoglycemia, with symptoms such as weakness, tremors, fainting, and even death. On the other hand, high levels of glucose, known as hyperglycemia or diabetes, can lead to complications if not properly controlled. Maintaining blood glucose levels is vital for cellular function as glucose is the primary fuel source for cells.