Final answer:
The term 'carpetbaggers' refers to northern Republicans who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seen as seeking personal gain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used for northern Republicans who went to the South during the period of Reconstruction is 'carpetbaggers.' This term was often used pejoratively to describe those who were perceived as opportunists that moved to the southern states for economic or political gain after the Civil War. It implied that these individuals were exploiting the difficult situation in the South for their own benefit. The period known as Reconstruction stretched from the end of the Civil War in 1865 until the Compromise of 1877, which marked the end of federal intervention in southern states and the withdrawal of the last of the federal troops.