Final answer:
The Dutch replaced the Spanish as the preeminent power in European Trade following the establishment of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, excelling in the spice, slave, and sugar trades.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Dutch were successful in abandoning the Spanish as the most dominant power in European Trade. After gaining independence from Spain at the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Dutch harnessed their seafaring, mapmaking, and boatbuilding skills to enter the global spice trade competition. The establishment of the Dutch East India Company (DEIC) in 1602, financed by the first modern stock exchange, positioned the Netherlands as a formidable force in European trade. Additionally, the Dutch West India Company (DWIC) played a crucial role in asserting Dutch power in the Caribbean, targeting Portuguese sugar plantations, slave trading ports, and Spanish treasure fleets, leading to a period of Dutch dominance in the trade of spices, slaves, and sugar.