Final answer:
The Haber process involves the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases, while the Contact process is used for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Both processes operate under certain conditions and rely on catalysts to increase reaction rates. Dynamic equilibrium is controlled by principles such as Le Chatelier's principle, temperature, pressure, and catalysts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Haber process involves the production of ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. The key features of the Haber process include:
- Reaction: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
- Operates at high temperature (around 400-500°C) and high pressure (around 200-300 atm) to favor product formation
- Uses an iron catalyst to increase the rate of reaction
The Contact process, on the other hand, is used for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. The key features of the Contact process include:
- Reaction: 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g)
- Operates at a temperature of around 400-450°C and a pressure of 1-2 atm
- Uses a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst to increase the rate of reaction
Dynamic equilibrium is achieved in both processes due to the reversible nature of the reactions. The principles that control dynamic equilibrium include:
- Le Chatelier's principle: If the concentration of reactants or products is changed, the system will shift to minimize the change
- Temperature and pressure: Altering these conditions can influence the position of equilibrium
- Catalysts: Catalysts can increase the rate of reaction without affecting the position of equilibrium