Final answer:
In a chemical equilibrium, the reaction occurs in a closed system, it is dynamic with equal forward and reverse reaction rates, and the amounts of reactants and products remain constant though not necessarily equal, unless conditions like concentration or temperature are altered.
Step-by-step explanation:
Features of Chemical Equilibrium
An equilibrium reaction has distinct characteristics under constant conditions. Firstly, it occurs in a closed system, ensuring that no substances enter or leave the system. This is crucial for maintaining consistent concentrations.
Secondly, equilibrium is a dynamic process, meaning that both forward and reverse reactions occur continuously. Despite this ongoing process, there is no net change in the concentrations of the reactants and products once equilibrium is established.
Thirdly, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions must be equal, which keeps the amount of reactants and products constant over time.
Lastly, while the concentrations of reactants and products are constant at equilibrium, their amounts do not need to be equal, only their rates of change. This state will persist indefinitely if the conditions remain unchanged.
Any changes in conditions such as concentration, pressure and volume, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst may shift the equilibrium, affecting the relationship between reactants and products.