Final answer:
Phenols, when metabolized by peroxidase enzymes, form phenoxy radicals which can interact with GSH to promote superoxide formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phenols undergo oxidative metabolism wherein they are converted to phenoxy radicals by the action of peroxidases enzymes.
These enzymes are hydroperoxidases, and they use substrates like hydrogen peroxide to catalyze the reaction. The phenoxy radicals formed can then react with glutathione (GSH), promoting the formation of superoxide anions.
t Given the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, the body leverages antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and antioxidant enzymes to neutralize these reactive species.
Furthermore, enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) help to mitigate the damage by converting superoxides to less reactive species.
Phenol's toxicity and its oxidative metabolism underscore the need for balance between its antiseptic uses and potential dangers to human health.
The body uses antioxidants and enzymes like SOD to neutralize these harmful reactive oxygen species.