Final answer:
Phenomenology is the qualitative research orientation that originated in philosophy and psychology, focusing on individuals' perceptions and experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The qualitative research orientation that originated in philosophy and psychology is phenomenology. Phenomenology seeks to understand human behavior by exploring how individuals perceive and make sense of their experiences.
Other qualitative research orientations include grounded theory, developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss; ethnography, which is a method closely associated with anthropology and involves the detailed study of people and cultures from the inside; and symbolic interactionism, which often utilizes participant observation to understand how individuals interact with and assign meanings to the world around them.