Final answer:
Qualitative research is characterized by its unstructured approach to data collection, focusing on subjective, non-numerical descriptive data gathered through methods that prioritize depth of understanding over hypothesis testing.
Step-by-step explanation:
Qualitative research has an unstructured approach to data collection. This research paradigm revolves around understanding human behavior, thoughts, and experiences in their natural settings. It involves methodologies like case studies, ethnography, in-depth interviews, and participant observation. Instead of testing specific research hypotheses with large numbers of participants and yielding objective, numerical data, qualitative research focuses on collecting non-numerical, descriptive data that is often subjective. This approach may involve an interpretive framework and seek an in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through interaction or observation without aiming at hypothesis testing. Qualitative researchers may adjust their methods as new insights emerge during the investigation.