Final answer:
Homo sapiens adapted to cold climates by developing clothing, using tools, and dietary changes that supported brain growth and efficient energy use. Improved hunting skills and tool use allowed survival in diverse environments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modern Homo sapiens developed cold adaptations as they migrated into colder climates. Initially, early humans used animal hides as simple blankets, but by around thirty thousand years ago, they had invented sewing needles made of bone, allowing for more sophisticated clothing.
In colder environments, humans' reliance on cooked meat increased, which may have contributed to a larger brain through the expensive tissue hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that as our brain grew, our digestive system evolved to be smaller but more efficient, suitable for nutrient-dense food like meat.
Anatomical changes, including bipedalism, improved hunting and survival in harsh climates. The invention of tools and mastery of fire provided an advantage in hunting and protection against predators, which enabled Homo sapiens to inhabit diverse climatic regions.