Final answer:
The process by which managers allocate and arrange tasks into specific jobs for efficiency and effectiveness in an organization is called job design. It is crucial for effective operational management in businesses ranging from simple restaurants to complex hospitals or factories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which managers decide how to divide tasks into specific jobs is known as job design. Job design involves analyzing and organizing work into tasks and responsibilities to effectively achieve organizational objectives and satisfy the work-related needs of employees. For instance, in a restaurant setting, tasks are divided into various roles including top chef, sous chefs, kitchen help, servers, greeters, janitors, and business managers, each with specific duties to ensure the effective operation of the business. Similarly, a complex organization like a manufacturing factory or a hospital may implement a sophisticated division of labor with hundreds of job classifications to handle different facets of operations efficiently.