Final answer:
The condition characterized by uneven pupil sizes is known as anisocoria, which is different from astigmatism, a common vision defect related to the focus of the eye.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition of having an uneven pupil size is called anisocoria. It's not the same as astigmatism, which is an unevenness or asymmetry in the focus of the eye, often caused by irregularities in the shape of the cornea or lens that can lead to less distinct vision or sharper images along certain axes. Anisocoria can be a benign condition or a sign of a more serious underlying medical issue, so it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if this condition is observed.