Final answer:
The component that stores the set of instructions to activate the processing software on startup is ROM (Read-Only Memory), which unlike RAM or a hard drive, contains firmware that is not typically altered and remains when the computer is off.
Correct option is B) ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Step-by-step explanation:
The component that permanently stores the set of instructions used by the computer to activate the software controlling the processing function when you turn the computer on is B) ROM (Read-Only Memory). Unlike RAM (Random Access Memory), which is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off, the ROM contains firmware, which is a type of software that is not meant to be altered under normal operation and remains intact even when the computer is powered down.
The microprocessor, often part of the CPU (Central Processing Unit), is an integrated circuit that processes instructions but does not store them permanently. A hard drive is used for storing data long term but is not involved in the initial activation of the processing software upon startup. Therefore, ROM fulfills the function described in the question.