Final answer:
Option (b), A leader should motivate workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals, aligning with the transformational leadership style.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is about what a leader should do, giving multiple choices. Among the options provided, the best answer in terms of effective leadership practices is that a leader should b. motivate workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals. This aligns with the transformational leadership style, which is characterized by inspiring and motivating employees to exceed their usual limits and performance. On the other hand, an autocratic style of management, hiring based on political connections, or focusing solely on efficiency can lead to negative outcomes, such as reduced employee morale and innovation.
Understanding the various leadership styles, such as democratic, laissez-faire, and authoritarian, is crucial. Each has its place depending on the situation. Democratic leaders work to build consensus, which can be time-consuming. Laissez-faire leaders allow for autonomy but risk a lack of progress if the team is not self-motivated. Authoritarian leaders, who focus on goal achievement, can be necessary in situations where quick or highly skilled decisions are necessary, even though this risks alienating employees. The goal for leaders should be to adapt their style to the needs of their organization and its members for the best results.